Firewall Setup
Install Shorewall
To manage nftables/iptables I decided to go with Shorewall since it is easy to configure and very mature. At some point I may look into switching to FireHol since it looks even simpler to configure but I wanted something I knew I'd be able to make do everything I needed.
I started by installing shorewall, shorewall-doc that include examples, and shorewall-init which can lockdown the system at boot before Shorewall has had a chance to configure the firewall.
# apt install shorewall shorewall-doc shorewall-init
Then I update the Shorewall configuration. All I have to do is update some logging parameters to reflect that I'm using ulogd2 and that I want IPv4 forwarding enabled when Shorewall starts.
# /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf
- LOG_LEVEL="info"
+ LOG_LEVEL="NFLOG(1,0,1)"
...
- LOGFILE=/var/log/messages
+ LOGFILE=/var/log/firewall.log
...
- IP_FORWARDING=Keep
+ IP_FORWARDING=Yes
All my configuration files are adapted from the examples that shorewall-doc makes available under /usr/share/doc/shorewall/examples.
I changed a few names and added some additional zones like wg and warp which is a zone where all exiting traffic gets automatically routed through a VPN tunnel. This makes it easy for any Docker container I want to use a VPN I just put it on that subnet/zone.
# /etc/shorewall/zones
+ #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ # For information about entries in this file, type "man shorewall-zones"
+ #
+ # See http://shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-zones.html for more information
+ ###############################################################################
+ #ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN OUT
+ # OPTIONS OPTIONS
+ fw firewall
+ wan ipv4
+ lan ipv4
+ dmz ipv4
+ warp ipv4
+ wg ipv4
Setting up the interfaces and assiging them zones is pretty self-explanatory.
# /etc/shorewall/interfaces
+ #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ # For information about entries in this file, type "man shorewall-interfaces"
+ #
+ # See http://shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-interfaces.html for more information
+ ###############################################################################
+ ?FORMAT 2
+ ###############################################################################
+ #ZONE INTERFACE OPTIONS
+ wan WAN_IF tcpflags,dhcp,nosmurfs,routefilter,logmartians,sourceroute=0,physical=eth0
+ lan LAN_IF tcpflags,dhcp,nosmurfs,routefilter,logmartians,physical=eth1
+ dmz DMZ_IF tcpflags,dhcp,nosmurfs,routefilter,logmartians,physical=eth1.8
+ warp WARP_IF tcpflags,dhcp,nosmurfs,routefilter,logmartians,physical=eth1.9
My real /etc/shorewall/policy differsfile slightlyis less liberal than what is shown here (lan being allowed to access whatever it wants) but I includedwanted to show a basicreasonable examplepolicy policy.that allowed me to have a very simple /etc/shorewall/rules below.
# /etc/shorewall/policy
+ #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ # For information about entries in this file, type "man shorewall-policy"
+ #
+ # See http://shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-policy.html for more information
+ ###############################################################################
+ #SOURCE DEST POLICY LOGLEVEL RATE CONNLIMIT
+
+ $FW all ACCEPT
+ lan all ACCEPT
+ dmz $FW,wan ACCEPT
+ warp $FW ACCEPT
+
+ wan all DROP $LOG_LEVEL
+ # THE FOLLOWING POLICY MUST BE LAST
+ all all REJECT $LOG_LEVEL
Because my example policy is pretty liberal,open, my rules in this example are pretty sparse.
# /etc/shorewall/rules
+ #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ # For information about entries in this file, type "man shorewall-rules"
+ #
+ # See http://shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-rules.html for more information
+ ######################################################################################################################################################################################################
+ #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL RATE USER/ MARK CONNLIMIT TIME HEADERS SWITCH HELPER
+ # PORT PORT(S) DEST LIMIT GROUP
+ ?SECTION ALL
+ ?SECTION ESTABLISHED
+ ?SECTION RELATED
+ ?SECTION INVALID
+ ?SECTION UNTRACKED
+ ?SECTION NEW
+
+ # Don't allow connection pickup from the net
+ Invalid(DROP) wan all tcp
+
+ DNS(ACCEPT) all!wan,warp $FW
+ DNS(ACCEPT) $FW,dmz lan:10.0.1.2
+
+ Web(ACCEPT) dmz $FW
+ Web(DNAT) wan dmz:10.0.8.2
Last but not least is the magic that allows private addresses to access the greater Internet by masquerading as the one public IPv4 address I am assigned. The following just says all traffic heading out of WAN_IF (eth0) coming from a private IP range should be masqueraded.
# /etc/shorewall/snat
+ #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ # For information about entries in this file, type "man shorewall-snat"
+ #
+ # See http://shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-snat.html for more information
+ ###########################################################################################################################################
+ #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO PORT IPSEC MARK USER SWITCHORIGDEST PROBABILITY
+ MASQUERADE 10.0.0.0/8,\
+ 169.254.0.0/16,\
+ 172.16.0.0/12,\
+ 192.168.0.0/16 WAN_IF
Now that everything is configured it might be wise to run shorewall check just to make sure I didn't have any typos.
You can hook Shorewall into the boot process to make sure the system is secure during boot by enabling shorewall-init and shorewall. First we tell shorewall-init that it needs to take shorewall into account.
# /etc/default/shorewall-init
- PRODUCTS=""
+ PRODUCTS="shorewall"
Then we simply tell them to start at boot.
# systemctl enable shorewall
# systemctl enable shorewall-init
Modify Interfaces
Now that Shorewall will secure everything at bootup it is safe to upate my /etc/networking/interfaces with their addresses.
# /etc/networking/interfaces
auto eth1
- iface eth1 inet manual
+ iface eth1 inet static
+ address 10.0.1.1/21
auto eth1.8
- iface eth1.8 inet manual
+ iface eth1.8 inet static
vlan-raw-device eth1
+ address 10.0.8.1/24
auto eth1.9
- iface eth1.9 inet manual
+ iface eth1.9 inet static
vlan-raw-device eth1
+ address 10.0.9.1/24
Now if I reboot the system all my interfaces will come up configured and the system will be protected by nftables/iptables configured by Shorewall.
Be sure to sanity check your configuration, if you need to SSH into a system to configure it Shorewall has to allow SSH traffic.
# reboot